Learn more about the commodification of your genetic information
What is the difference between genetic testing and genetic therapy?
What is the difference between genetic testing and genetic therapy?
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Comments Off on Climate scientists remind the public that the Earth has only about dozen years before global warming becomes catastrophic
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Top ways to make Halloween more spooky fun and sciency!
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“Cancer kills millions of people every year and is one of humanity’s greatest health challenges. By stimulating the inherent ability of our immune system to attack tumor cells this year’s Nobel Laureates have established an entirely new principle for cancer therapy.
James P. Allison studied a known protein that functions as a brake on the immune system. He realized the potential of releasing the brake and thereby unleashing our immune cells to attack tumors. He then developed this concept into a brand new approach for treating patients.
In parallel, Tasuku Honjo discovered a protein on immune cells and, after careful exploration of its function, eventually revealed that it also operates as a brake, but with a different mechanism of action. Therapies based on his discovery proved to be strikingly effective in the fight against cancer.
Allison and Honjo showed how different strategies for inhibiting the brakes on the immune system can be used in the treatment of cancer. The seminal discoveries by the two Laureates constitute a landmark in our fight against cancer.”
Figure: Upper left: Activation of T cells requires that the T-cell receptor binds to structures on other immune cells recognized as ”non-self”. A protein functioning as a T-cell accelerator is also required for T cell activation. CTLA- 4 functions as a brake on T cells that inhibits the function of the accelerator. Lower left: Antibodies (green) against CTLA-4 block the function of the brake leading to activation of T cells and attack on cancer cells.
Upper right: PD-1 is another T-cell brake that inhibits T-cell activation. Lower right: Antibodies against PD-1 inhibit the function of the brake leading to activation of T cells and highly efficient attack on cancer cells.
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The Science behind curiosity – Learn more about what makes us curious.
There is no single type of curiosity.
You can improve your curiosity. Start with something that you are interested in. Begin to ask questions about something that you like and enjoy about a topic.
Young children typically ask questions because they are interested in “cause and effect”. This means that their perceptual curiosity decreases as they get older.
As you get older your epistemic curiosity does not decrease. Your willingness to learn new things, to discover new things does not decrease as you get older.

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DNA to RNA to mRNA to tRNA
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In order for your question to be at the appropriate level of difficulty for your grade you need:
Start by asking questions about things that make you wonder, things that make you curious and things that you would like to learn more about.
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Comments Off on System 001 is launched – learn more about attempts to remove garbage from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch!
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“Most of the population in developing countries live in places with unsafe air. Utilizing variations in transitory and cumulative air pollution exposures for the same individuals over time in China, we provide evidence that polluted air may impede cognitive ability as people become older, especially for less educated men. Cutting annual mean concentration of particulate matter smaller than 10 μm (PM10) in China to the Environmental Protection Agency’s standard (50 μg/m3) would move people from the median to the 63rd percentile (verbal test scores) and the 58th percentile (math test scores), respectively. The damage on the aging brain by air pollution likely imposes substantial health and economic costs, considering that cognitive functioning is critical for the elderly for both running daily errands and making high-stake decisions.”
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