{"id":787,"date":"2012-10-11T21:00:56","date_gmt":"2012-10-12T04:00:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sd41blogs.ca\/parenta\/?p=787"},"modified":"2012-10-11T21:00:56","modified_gmt":"2012-10-12T04:00:56","slug":"isabellas-artical","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sd41blogs.ca\/zanettea\/2012\/10\/11\/isabellas-artical\/","title":{"rendered":"Isabella&#8217;s artical"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTXWRWZxuNQmkORtuSjFGRzyo4mveGK7qdzuY78qPClLu5fg7IaEA\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"225\" \/><\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>Please read:<br \/>\na personal appeal from<br \/>\nWikipedia founder Jimmy Wales<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>Read now<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#\"><img src=\"http:\/\/bits.wikimedia.org\/skins\/common\/images\/closewindow19x19.png\" alt=\"Close\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1 id=\"firstHeading\">Monkey<\/h1>\n<div>\n<div>From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<\/div>\n<div>Jump to: <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#mw-head\">navigation<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#p-search\">search<\/a><\/div>\n<div lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<div>For other uses, see <a title=\"Monkey (disambiguation)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey_%28disambiguation%29\">Monkey (disambiguation)<\/a>.<\/div>\n<div><a title=\"This article is semi-protected.\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fc\/Padlock-silver.svg\/20px-Padlock-silver.svg.png\" alt=\"Page semi-protected\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div>\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Crab-eating_Macaque_tree.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d7\/Crab-eating_Macaque_tree.jpg\/220px-Crab-eating_Macaque_tree.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"405\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<div><a title=\"Enlarge\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Crab-eating_Macaque_tree.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/bits.wikimedia.org\/static-1.21wmf1\/skins\/common\/images\/magnify-clip.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"11\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p>A <a title=\"Crab-eating Macaque\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crab-eating_Macaque\">Crab-eating Macaque<\/a>, an old world species of monkey native to <a title=\"Southeast Asia\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southeast_Asia\">Southeast Asia<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>A <strong>monkey<\/strong> is a <a title=\"Primate\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Primate\">primate<\/a> of the <a title=\"Haplorrhini\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Haplorrhini\">Haplorrhini<\/a> suborder and <a title=\"Simian\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simian\">simian<\/a> infraorder, either an <a title=\"Old World monkey\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Old_World_monkey\">Old World monkey<\/a> or a <a title=\"New World monkey\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_World_monkey\">New World monkey<\/a>, but excluding <a title=\"Ape\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ape\">apes<\/a>. There are about 260 known living <a title=\"Species\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Species\">species<\/a> of monkey. Many are arboreal, although there are species that live primarily on the ground, such as <a title=\"Baboon\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baboon\">baboons<\/a>. Monkeys are generally <a title=\"Primate cognition\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Primate_cognition\">considered to be intelligent<\/a>. Unlike apes, monkeys usually have tails. Tailless monkeys may be called &#8220;apes&#8221;, incorrectly according to modern usage; thus the tailless <a title=\"Barbary macaque\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbary_macaque\">Barbary macaque<\/a> is called the &#8220;Barbary ape&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>The New World monkeys (superfamily <a title=\"Ceboidea\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ceboidea\">Ceboidea<\/a>) are classified within the <a title=\"Parvorder\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parvorder\">parvorder<\/a> of <a title=\"Platyrrhini\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Platyrrhini\">Platyrrhini<\/a>, whereas the Old World monkeys (superfamily <a title=\"Cercopithecoidea\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cercopithecoidea\">Cercopithecoidea<\/a>) form part of the parvorder <a title=\"Catarrhini\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catarrhini\">Catarrhini<\/a>, which also includes the <a title=\"Hominoids\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hominoids\">hominoids<\/a> (apes, including humans). Thus, as Old World monkeys are more closely related to hominoids than they are to New World monkeys, the monkeys are not a unitary (<a title=\"Monophyly\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monophyly\">monophyletic<\/a>) group.<\/p>\n<table id=\"toc\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div>\n<h2>Contents<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#Historical_and_modern_terminology\">1 Historical and modern terminology<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#Physical_description\">2 Physical description<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#Classification\">3 Classification<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#Relationship_with_humans\">4 Relationship with humans<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#As_service_animals_for_the_disabled\">4.1 As service animals for the disabled<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#In_experiments\">4.2 In experiments<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#In_space\">4.2.1 In space<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#As_food\">4.3 As food<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#Literature\">4.4 Literature<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#Religion_and_worship\">4.5 Religion and worship<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#Entertainment\">4.6 Entertainment<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#Zodiac\">4.7 Zodiac<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#See_also\">5 See also<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#References\">6 References<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#External_links\">7 External links<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Historical and modern terminology<\/h2>\n<p>According to the <a title=\"Oxford English Dictionary\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oxford_English_Dictionary\">Oxford English Dictionary<\/a>, the word &#8220;monkey&#8221; may originate in a <a title=\"German language\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_language\">German<\/a> version of the <em><a title=\"Reynard\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reynard\">Reynard the Fox<\/a><\/em> fable, published circa 1580. In this version of the fable, a character named Moneke is the son of Martin the Ape.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_note-0\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> In English, no very clear distinction was originally made between &#8220;ape&#8221; and &#8220;monkey&#8221;; thus the 1910 <a title=\"Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica Eleventh Edition\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition\">Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica<\/a> entry for &#8220;ape&#8221; notes that it is either a synonym for &#8220;monkey&#8221; or is used to mean a tailless humanlike primate.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_note-EB11Ape-1\">[2]<\/a><\/sup> Such confusions persist. Colloquially, the terms &#8220;monkeys&#8221; and &#8220;apes&#8221; may still be used interchangeably.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_note-2\">[3]<\/a><\/sup> Due to its size (up to 1\u00a0m\/3\u00a0ft) the <a title=\"Mandrill\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mandrill\">mandrill<\/a> is often thought to be an ape, but it is actually an Old World monkey. Also, a few monkey species have the word &#8220;ape&#8221; in their common name, such as the <a title=\"Barbary macaque\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbary_macaque\">Barbary ape<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Later in the first half of the 20th century, the idea developed that there were trends in primate evolution and that the living members of the order could be arranged in a series, leading through &#8220;monkeys&#8221; and &#8220;apes&#8221; to humans.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_note-Dixson1981p13-3\">[4]<\/a><\/sup> Monkeys thus constituted a &#8220;<a title=\"Grade (biology)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grade_%28biology%29\">grade<\/a>&#8221; on the path to humans and were distinguished from &#8220;apes&#8221;.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_note-4\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Scientific classifications are now more often based on <a title=\"Monophyly\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monophyly\">monophyletic<\/a> groups, that is groups consisting of <em>all<\/em> the descendants of a common ancestor. The New World monkeys and the Old World monkeys are each monophyletic groups, but their combination is not, since it excludes hominoids (apes and humans). Thus the term &#8220;monkey&#8221; no longer refers to a recognized scientific <a title=\"Taxon\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taxon\">taxon<\/a>. The smallest accepted taxon which contains all the monkeys is the infraorder <a title=\"Simian\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simian\">Simiiformes<\/a>, or simians. However this also contains the hominoids (apes and humans), so that monkeys are, in terms of currently recognized taxa, non-hominoid simians.<\/p>\n<p>A group of monkeys may be referred to as a <em>mission<\/em> or a <em>tribe<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h2>Physical description<\/h2>\n<p>Monkeys range in size from the <a title=\"Pygmy Marmoset\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pygmy_Marmoset\">Pygmy Marmoset<\/a>, at 140 to 160 millimetres (5\u20136\u00a0in) long (plus tail) and 120 to 140\u00a0grams (4\u20135\u00a0oz) in weight, to the male <a title=\"Mandrill\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mandrill\">Mandrill<\/a>, almost 1 metre (3.3\u00a0ft) long and weighing 35 kilograms (77\u00a0lb). Some are <a title=\"Arboreal locomotion\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arboreal_locomotion\">arboreal<\/a> (living in trees) while others live on the <a title=\"Savanna\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Savanna\">savanna<\/a>; diets differ among the various species but may contain any of the following: fruit, leaves, seeds, nuts, flowers, eggs and small animals (including insects and spiders).<\/p>\n<p>Some characteristics are shared among the groups; most New World monkeys have <a title=\"Prehensile tail\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prehensile_tail\">prehensile tails<\/a> while Old World monkeys have non-prehensile tails or no visible tail at all. Some have <a title=\"Trichromacy\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trichromacy\">trichromatic<\/a> <a title=\"Color vision\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Color_vision\">color vision<\/a> like that of humans, others are <a title=\"Dichromacy\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dichromacy\">dichromats<\/a> or <a title=\"Monochromacy\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monochromacy\">monochromats<\/a>. Although both the New and Old World monkeys, like the apes, have forward-facing eyes, the faces of Old World and New World monkeys look very different, though again, each group shares some features such as the types of noses, cheeks and rumps.<\/p>\n<h2>Classification<\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<table width=\"505\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<table width=\"261\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Monkeys (in green brackets) are not a <a title=\"Monophyly\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monophyly\">monophyletic group<\/a>, since they exclude hominoids.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div>\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Saimiri_sciureus-1_Luc_Viatour.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/20\/Saimiri_sciureus-1_Luc_Viatour.jpg\/220px-Saimiri_sciureus-1_Luc_Viatour.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"163\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<div><a title=\"Enlarge\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Saimiri_sciureus-1_Luc_Viatour.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/bits.wikimedia.org\/static-1.21wmf1\/skins\/common\/images\/magnify-clip.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"11\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p><a title=\"Common Squirrel Monkey\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Common_Squirrel_Monkey\">Common Squirrel Monkey<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Macaca_fascicularis_in_Lopburi.JPG\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/38\/Macaca_fascicularis_in_Lopburi.JPG\/220px-Macaca_fascicularis_in_Lopburi.JPG\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"147\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<div><a title=\"Enlarge\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Macaca_fascicularis_in_Lopburi.JPG\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/bits.wikimedia.org\/static-1.21wmf1\/skins\/common\/images\/magnify-clip.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"11\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p><a title=\"Crab-eating Macaque\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crab-eating_Macaque\">Crab-eating Macaque<\/a> in <a title=\"Thailand\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thailand\">Thailand<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The following list shows where the various monkey families (bolded) are placed in the classification of living (extant) primates.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ORDER <a title=\"Primate\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Primate\">PRIMATES<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Suborder <a title=\"Strepsirrhini\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Strepsirrhini\">Strepsirrhini<\/a>: non-tarsier prosimians<\/li>\n<li>Suborder <a title=\"Haplorhini\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Haplorhini\">Haplorhini<\/a>: tarsiers, monkeys, and apes\n<ul>\n<li>Infraorder <a title=\"Tarsier\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tarsier\">Tarsiiformes<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Family <a title=\"Tarsier\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tarsier\">Tarsiidae<\/a>: tarsiers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Infraorder <a title=\"Simian\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simian\">Simiiformes<\/a>: simians\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Parvorder <a title=\"New World monkey\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_World_monkey\">Platyrrhini<\/a><\/strong>: New World <strong>monkeys<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Family <a title=\"Callitrichidae\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Callitrichidae\">Callitrichidae<\/a><\/strong>: <a title=\"Marmoset\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marmoset\">marmosets<\/a> and <a title=\"Tamarin\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tamarin\">tamarins<\/a> (42 species)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Family <a title=\"Cebidae\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cebidae\">Cebidae<\/a><\/strong>: <a title=\"Capuchin monkey\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Capuchin_monkey\">capuchins<\/a> and <a title=\"Squirrel monkey\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Squirrel_monkey\">squirrel monkeys<\/a> (14 species)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Family <a title=\"Night monkey\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Night_monkey\">Aotidae<\/a><\/strong>: night monkeys (11 species)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Family <a title=\"Pitheciidae\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pitheciidae\">Pitheciidae<\/a><\/strong>: titis, sakis, and uakaris (41 species)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Family <a title=\"Atelidae\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atelidae\">Atelidae<\/a><\/strong>: howler, spider, and woolly monkeys (24 species)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Parvorder <a title=\"Catarrhini\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catarrhini\">Catarrhini<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Superfamily <a title=\"Old World monkey\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Old_World_monkey\">Cercopithecoidea<\/a><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Family <a title=\"Old World monkey\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Old_World_monkey\">Cercopithecidae<\/a><\/strong>: Old World <strong>monkeys<\/strong> (135 species)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Superfamily <a title=\"Ape\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ape\">Hominoidea<\/a>: apes\n<ul>\n<li>Family <a title=\"Gibbon\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gibbon\">Hylobatidae<\/a>: gibbons (&#8220;lesser apes&#8221;) (15 species)<\/li>\n<li>Family <a title=\"Hominidae\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hominidae\">Hominidae<\/a>: great apes including humans (7 species)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Relationship with humans<\/h2>\n<p>The many species of monkey have varied relationships with humans. Some are <a title=\"Pet monkey\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pet_monkey\">kept as pets<\/a>, others used as <a title=\"Model organism\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Model_organism\">model organisms<\/a> in laboratories or in space missions. They may be killed in <a title=\"Monkey drive\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey_drive\">monkey drives<\/a> when they threatened agriculture, or used as <a title=\"Service animal\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Service_animal\">service animals<\/a> for the disabled.<\/p>\n<p>In some areas, some species of monkey are considered agricultural <a title=\"Pest (organism)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pest_%28organism%29\">pests<\/a>, and can cause extensive damage to commercial and subsistence crops.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_note-5\">[6]<\/a><\/sup> This can have important implications for the conservation of endangered species, which may be subject to persecution. In some instances farmers&#8217; perceptions of the damage may exceed the actual damage.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_note-6\">[7]<\/a><\/sup> Monkeys that have become habituated to human presence in tourist locations may also be considered pests, attacking tourists.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_note-7\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>In religion and culture, the monkey often represents quick-wittedness and mischief.<\/p>\n<h3>As service animals for the disabled<\/h3>\n<p>Some organizations, for example <em>Helping Hands: Monkey Helpers for the Disabled<\/em>,<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_note-8\">[9]<\/a><\/sup> train <a title=\"Capuchin monkey\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Capuchin_monkey\">capuchin monkeys<\/a> as <a title=\"Monkey helper\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey_helper\">monkey helpers<\/a> to assist quadriplegics and other people with severe spinal cord injuries or mobility impairments. After being socialized in a human home as infants, the monkeys undergo extensive training before being placed with a quadriplegic. Around the house, the monkeys help out by doing tasks including microwaving food, washing the quadriplegic&#8217;s face and opening drink bottles.<\/p>\n<h3>In experiments<\/h3>\n<div>Main article: <a title=\"Animal testing on non-human primates\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Animal_testing_on_non-human_primates\">Animal testing on non-human primates<\/a><\/div>\n<div>\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:AnimaltestingMonkeyCovance2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/6\/6d\/AnimaltestingMonkeyCovance2.jpg\/170px-AnimaltestingMonkeyCovance2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"170\" height=\"222\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<div><a title=\"Enlarge\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:AnimaltestingMonkeyCovance2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/bits.wikimedia.org\/static-1.21wmf1\/skins\/common\/images\/magnify-clip.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"11\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p><a title=\"Covance\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Covance\">Covance<\/a> primate-testing lab, <a title=\"Vienna, Virginia\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vienna,_Virginia\">Vienna, Virginia<\/a>, 2004\u201305<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_note-covance-9\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a title=\"Macaque\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Macaque\">Macaques<\/a>, especially the <a title=\"Rhesus Macaque\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rhesus_Macaque\">Rhesus Macaque<\/a>, and African <a title=\"Green Monkey\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Green_Monkey\">Green Monkeys<\/a> are widely used in <a title=\"Animal testing\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Animal_testing\">animal testing<\/a> facilities, either wild-caught or purpose-bred.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_note-10\">[11]<\/a><\/sup> They are used primarily because of their relative ease of handling, their fast reproductive cycle (compared to apes) and their psychological and physical similarity to <a title=\"Human\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Human\">humans<\/a>. In the <a title=\"United States\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States\">United States<\/a>, around 50,000 non-human <a title=\"Primate\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Primate\">primates<\/a>, most of them monkeys, have been used in experiments every year since 1973; 10,000 monkeys were used in the <a title=\"European Union\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Union\">European Union<\/a> in 2004.<sup>[<em><a title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\">citation needed<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup><\/p>\n<div>\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:B60-00036.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/77\/B60-00036.jpg\/170px-B60-00036.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"170\" height=\"189\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<div><a title=\"Enlarge\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:B60-00036.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/bits.wikimedia.org\/static-1.21wmf1\/skins\/common\/images\/magnify-clip.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"11\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Sam, a <a title=\"Rhesus macaque\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rhesus_macaque\">rhesus macaque<\/a>, was flown to a height of 55 miles (89\u00a0km) by <a title=\"NASA\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NASA\">NASA<\/a> in 1959<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The use of monkeys in laboratories is controversial. <a title=\"Animal rights\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Animal_rights\">Animal rights<\/a> activists claim that their use is cruel and produces little information of value, and there have been many protests, vandalism to testing facilities and threats to workers.<sup>[<em><a title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\">citation needed<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup> Others claim that it has led to many important medical breakthroughs such as the rabies vaccine, understanding of human reproduction and basic knowledge about brain function and that the prevention of harm to humans should be a higher priority than the possible harm done to monkeys. The topic has become a popular cause for <a title=\"Animal rights\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Animal_rights\">animal rights<\/a> and <a title=\"Animal welfare\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Animal_welfare\">animal welfare<\/a> groups.<sup>[<em><a title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\">citation needed<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup><\/p>\n<h4>In space<\/h4>\n<p>A number of countries have used monkeys as part of their space exploration programmes, including the United States and France. The first <a title=\"Monkeys in space\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkeys_in_space\">monkey in space<\/a> was Albert II who flew in the US-launched <a title=\"V-2\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/V-2\">V-2 rocket<\/a> on June 14, 1949.<\/p>\n<h3>As food<\/h3>\n<p><a title=\"Monkey brain (cuisine)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey_brain_%28cuisine%29\">Monkey brains<\/a> are eaten as a delicacy in parts of <a title=\"South Asia\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Asia\">South Asia<\/a>, Africa and China.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_note-11\">[12]<\/a><\/sup> In traditional <a title=\"Islamic dietary laws\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Islamic_dietary_laws\">Islamic dietary laws<\/a>, the eating of monkeys is <a title=\"Haraam\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Haraam\">forbidden<\/a>. However, monkeys are sometimes eaten in parts of Africa, where they can be sold as &#8220;<a title=\"Bushmeat\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bushmeat\">bushmeat<\/a>&#8220;.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_note-12\">[13]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3>Literature<\/h3>\n<div>\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Animals_of_Hindustan_monkeys_called_bandar_that_can_be_taught_to_do_tricks,_from_Illuminated_manuscript_Baburnama_%28Memoirs_of_Babur%29.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cf\/Animals_of_Hindustan_monkeys_called_bandar_that_can_be_taught_to_do_tricks%2C_from_Illuminated_manuscript_Baburnama_%28Memoirs_of_Babur%29.jpg\/170px-Animals_of_Hindustan_monkeys_called_bandar_that_can_be_taught_to_do_tricks%2C_from_Illuminated_manuscript_Baburnama_%28Memoirs_of_Babur%29.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"170\" height=\"264\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<div><a title=\"Enlarge\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Animals_of_Hindustan_monkeys_called_bandar_that_can_be_taught_to_do_tricks,_from_Illuminated_manuscript_Baburnama_%28Memoirs_of_Babur%29.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/bits.wikimedia.org\/static-1.21wmf1\/skins\/common\/images\/magnify-clip.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"11\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Illustration of Hindustan monkeys called <em>bandar<\/em> that can be taught to do tricks, from Illuminated manuscript <em>Baburnama<\/em> (Memoirs of Babur)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a title=\"Sun Wukong\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sun_Wukong\">Sun Wukong<\/a> (the &#8220;Monkey King&#8221;), a character who figures prominently in <a title=\"Chinese mythology\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_mythology\">Chinese mythology<\/a>, is the main protagonist in the classic comic Chinese novel <em><a title=\"Journey to the West\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Journey_to_the_West\">Journey to the West<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Monkeys are prevalent in numerous books, television programs, and movies. The <a title=\"Television program\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Television_program\">television series<\/a> <a title=\"Monkey (TV series)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey_%28TV_series%29\"><em>Monkey<\/em><\/a> and the literary characters <a title=\"Monsieur Eek\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monsieur_Eek\">Monsieur Eek<\/a> and <a title=\"Curious George\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Curious_George\">Curious George<\/a> are all examples.<\/p>\n<div>\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tokyo_monkey_statue.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/33\/Tokyo_monkey_statue.jpg\/170px-Tokyo_monkey_statue.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"170\" height=\"260\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<div><a title=\"Enlarge\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tokyo_monkey_statue.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/bits.wikimedia.org\/static-1.21wmf1\/skins\/common\/images\/magnify-clip.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"11\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Simian statue at a <a title=\"Buddhism\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buddhism\">Buddhist<\/a> shrine in <a title=\"Tokyo\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tokyo\">Tokyo<\/a>, <a title=\"Japan\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan\">Japan<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Informally, the term &#8220;monkey&#8221; is often used more broadly than in scientific use, and may be used to refer to apes, particularly chimpanzees, gibbons, and gorillas. Author <a title=\"Terry Pratchett\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Terry_Pratchett\">Terry Pratchett<\/a> alludes to this difference in usage in his <em><a title=\"Discworld\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Discworld\">Discworld<\/a><\/em> novels, in which the <a title=\"Librarian (Discworld)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Librarian_%28Discworld%29\">Librarian<\/a> of the <a title=\"Unseen University\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Unseen_University\">Unseen University<\/a> is an <a title=\"Orangutan\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orangutan\">orangutan<\/a> who gets very violent if referred to as a monkey.<\/p>\n<p>The <a title=\"Winged monkeys\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Winged_monkeys\">Winged monkeys<\/a> are prominent characters in <em><a title=\"List of Oz books\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Oz_books\">The Wizard of Oz<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n<h3>Religion and worship<\/h3>\n<p><a title=\"Hanuman\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hanuman\">Hanuman<\/a>, a prominent divine entity in <a title=\"Hinduism\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hinduism\">Hinduism<\/a>, is a monkey-like humanoid. He may bestow longevity.<\/p>\n<p>In <a title=\"Buddhism\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buddhism\">Buddhism<\/a>, the monkey is an early incarnation of Buddha but may also represent trickery and ugliness. The <a title=\"Buddhism in China\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buddhism_in_China\">Chinese Buddhist<\/a> &#8220;<a title=\"Mind monkey\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mind_monkey\">mind monkey<\/a>&#8221; metaphor refers to the unsettled, restless state of human mind. Monkey is also one of the Three Senseless Creatures, symbolizing greed, with the tiger representing anger and the deer lovesickness.<\/p>\n<p>The <em>Mizaru<\/em> or <a title=\"Three wise monkeys\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Three_wise_monkeys\">three wise monkeys<\/a> are revered in Japanese folklore.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_note-Cooper92-13\">[14]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>The <a title=\"Moche\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moche\">Moche<\/a> people of ancient Peru worshipped nature.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_note-14\">[15]<\/a><\/sup> They placed emphasis on animals and often depicted monkeys in their art.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_note-15\">[16]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3>Entertainment<\/h3>\n<table width=\"500\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bd\/Ambox_globe_content.svg\/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png\" alt=\"Globe icon.\" width=\"48\" height=\"40\" \/><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td><em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li>In the Tamil country, monkeys would be trained in gymnastics by their owners for public entertainment.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Kiki the Hyperactive Monkey of Sentosa\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kiki_the_Hyperactive_Monkey_of_Sentosa\">Kiki the Hyperactive Monkey of Sentosa<\/a> an <a title=\"Anthropomorphism\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anthropomorphism\">anthropomorphic<\/a> green <a title=\"Crab-eating macaque\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crab-eating_macaque\">crab-eating macaque<\/a> performs in the defunct live nighttime spectacular, <a title=\"Magical Sentosa\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magical_Sentosa\">Magical Sentosa<\/a> which is located at, <a title=\"Sentosa\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sentosa\">Sentosa Island<\/a>, <a title=\"Singapore\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore\">Singapore<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Zodiac<\/h3>\n<p>The <a title=\"Monkey (zodiac)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey_%28zodiac%29\">Monkey<\/a> is the ninth in the twelve-year cycle of animals which appear in the <a title=\"Chinese zodiac\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_zodiac\">Chinese zodiac<\/a> related to the <a title=\"Chinese calendar\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_calendar\">Chinese calendar<\/a>. The next time that the monkey will appear as the zodiac sign will be in the year 2016.<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_note-16\">[17]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2>See also<\/h2>\n<div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Okapi2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/18\/Okapi2.jpg\/32px-Okapi2.jpg\" alt=\"Portal icon\" width=\"32\" height=\"28\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a title=\"Portal:Mammals\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Mammals\">Mammals portal<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"List of monkeys\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_monkeys\">List of monkeys<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"List of New World monkey species\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_New_World_monkey_species\">List of New World monkey species<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"List of Old World monkey species\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Old_World_monkey_species\">List of Old World monkey species<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Signifying monkey\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Signifying_monkey\">Signifying monkey<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<div>\n<ol>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_ref-0\">^<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.etymonline.com\/index.php?term=monkey\" rel=\"nofollow\">&#8220;Monkey&#8221;<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_ref-EB11Ape_1-0\">^<\/a><\/strong> Anon. (1911), <a href=\"http:\/\/www.archive.org\/stream\/encyclopaediabri02chisrich#page\/160\/mode\/2up\" rel=\"nofollow\">&#8220;Ape&#8221;<\/a>, <em>Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica<\/em>, <strong>XIX<\/strong> (11th ed.), New York: Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, retrieved 2011-07-10<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_ref-2\">^<\/a><\/strong> Webster&#8217;s New World College Dictionary, 4th Ed: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.yourdictionary.com\/monkey\" rel=\"nofollow\">Monkey<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_ref-Dixson1981p13_3-0\">^<\/a><\/strong> Dixson, A.F. (1981), <em>The Natural History of the Gorilla<\/em>, London: Weidenfeld &amp; Nicholson, <a title=\"International Standard Book Number\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-297-77895-0\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-297-77895-0\">978-0-297-77895-0<\/a>, p. 13<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_ref-4\">^<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.primates.com\/faq\/index.html#5\" rel=\"nofollow\">&#8220;How do Apes Differ From Monkeys&#8221;<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_ref-5\">^<\/a><\/strong> Hill, Catherine (2000). &#8220;Conflict of Interest Between People and Baboons: Crop Raiding in Uganda&#8221;. <em>International Journal of Primatology<\/em> <strong>21<\/strong> (2): 299\u2013315. <a title=\"Digital object identifier\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1023%2FA%3A1005481605637\" rel=\"nofollow\">10.1023\/A:1005481605637<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_ref-6\">^<\/a><\/strong> Siex, Kirsten; Thomas T. Struhsaker (1999). &#8220;Colobus Monkeys and Coconuts: A Study of Perceived Human-Wildlife Conflicts&#8221;. <em>Journal of Applied Ecology<\/em> <strong>36<\/strong> (6): 1009\u20131020. <a title=\"Digital object identifier\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2664.1999.00455.x\" rel=\"nofollow\">10.1046\/j.1365-2664.1999.00455.x<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_ref-7\">^<\/a><\/strong> Brennan, E; Else, J; Altmann, J (1985). &#8220;Ecology and behaviour of a pest primate: vervet monkeys in a tourist-lodge habitat&#8221;. <em>African Journal of Ecology<\/em> <strong>23<\/strong> (1): 35\u201344. <a title=\"Digital object identifier\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2028.1985.tb00710.x\" rel=\"nofollow\">10.1111\/j.1365-2028.1985.tb00710.x<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_ref-8\">^<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.monkeyhelpers.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">http:\/\/www.monkeyhelpers.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_ref-covance_9-0\">^<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.covancecruelty.com\/photos.asp\" rel=\"nofollow\">&#8220;Covance Cruelty&#8221;<\/a>, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_ref-10\">^<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ebra.org\/ebrabulletin-the-supply-and-use-of-primates-in-the-eu_17.htm\" rel=\"nofollow\">&#8220;The supply and use of primates in the EU&#8221;<\/a>, European Biomedical Research Association.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_ref-11\">^<\/a><\/strong> Bonn\u00e9, J. (2005-10-28). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.msnbc.msn.com\/id\/9687163\/page\/7\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">&#8220;Some bravery as a side dish&#8221;<\/a>. msnbc.com. Retrieved 2009-08-15.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_ref-12\">^<\/a><\/strong> Institut De Recherche Pour Le D\u00e9veloppement (2002). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2002\/04\/020403025234.htm\" rel=\"nofollow\">&#8220;Primate Bushmeat\u00a0: Populations Exposed To Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses&#8221;<\/a>. <a title=\"ScienceDaily\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ScienceDaily\">ScienceDaily<\/a>. Retrieved 2009-08-15.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_ref-Cooper92_13-0\">^<\/a><\/strong> Cooper, J. C. (1992). <em>Symbolic and Mythological Animals<\/em>. London: Aquarian Press. pp.\u00a0161\u201363. <a title=\"International Standard Book Number\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Special:BookSources\/1-85538-118-4\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/1-85538-118-4\">1-85538-118-4<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_ref-14\">^<\/a><\/strong> Benson, E. (1972). <em>The Mochica: A Culture of Peru<\/em>. New York: Praeger Press. <a title=\"International Standard Book Number\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-500-72001-1\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-500-72001-1\">978-0-500-72001-1<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_ref-15\">^<\/a><\/strong> Berrin, K. &amp; <a title=\"Larco Museum\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Larco_Museum\">Museo Arqueol\u00f3gico Rafael Larco Herrera<\/a> (1997). <em>The Spirit of Ancient Peru: Treasures from the Museo Arqueol\u00f3gico Rafael Larco Herrera<\/em>. New York: <a title=\"Thames &amp; Hudson\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thames_%26_Hudson\">Thames &amp; Hudson<\/a>. <a title=\"International Standard Book Number\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-500-01802-6\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-500-01802-6\">978-0-500-01802-6<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monkey#cite_ref-16\">^<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.primatestore.com\/yearmonkey.htm\" rel=\"nofollow\">&#8220;Primatestore zodiac signs&#8221;<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<h2>External links<\/h2>\n<table width=\"361\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d6\/Wikiquote-logo-en.svg\/40px-Wikiquote-logo-en.svg.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" \/><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"30\" height=\"40\" \/><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Please read: a personal appeal from Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales Read now Monkey From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For other uses, see Monkey (disambiguation). A Crab-eating Macaque, an old world species of monkey native to Southeast &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/sd41blogs.ca\/zanettea\/2012\/10\/11\/isabellas-artical\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6956,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sd41blogs.ca\/zanettea\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/787"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sd41blogs.ca\/zanettea\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sd41blogs.ca\/zanettea\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sd41blogs.ca\/zanettea\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6956"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sd41blogs.ca\/zanettea\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=787"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sd41blogs.ca\/zanettea\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/787\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sd41blogs.ca\/zanettea\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=787"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sd41blogs.ca\/zanettea\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=787"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sd41blogs.ca\/zanettea\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=787"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}